从零开始的 NAS 主机

hackroot 收录于 NAS

2025-03-04 约 600 字预计阅读 3 分钟

安装并开启 SSH

安装 SSH 并设置开机启动

1
2
3


sudo apt update
sudo systemctl start ssh
sudo systemctl enable ssh

查看当前 IP 地址

1
2


sudo install net-tools
ifconfig

安装 oh-my-bash

1
2
3


sudo apt install curl
sudo apt install git
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmybash/oh-my-bash/master/tools/install.sh)"

修改文件 ~/.bashrc，设置主题为 OSH_THEME="minimal-gh"。

安装 docker 和 docker-compose

安装 docker

1
2
3
4
5
6
7


curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl status docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

安装 docker-compose

1
2


sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/docker/compose/releases/latest | grep 'tag_name' | cut -d\" -f4)/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

修改 /etc/docker/daemon.json 并重启 docker 服务 sudo systemctl restart docker

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15


{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://dockerproxy.com",
        "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://cr.console.aliyun.com",
        "https://ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com",
        "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
        "https://mirror.baidubce.com",
        "https://docker.nju.edu.cn",
        "https://docker.mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn",
        "https://github.com/ustclug/mirrorrequest",
        "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
    ],
    "insecure-registries": ["10.177.31.99:8082"]
}

连接本地仓库

1

docker login 10.177.31.99:8082 -u hackroot

修改 docker /lib/systemd/system/docker.service，让 portainer 远程连接

1

ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

安装 MooseFS

参考博客进行安装。

设置远程桌面

安装远程桌面

安装 ubuntu 桌面和 tigerVNC

1
2
3


sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop -y
sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common -y
sudo apt install dbus-x11

启动后设置密码并关闭

1
2
3


vncserver
vncserver -list
vncserver -kill :1

设置远程桌面启动项 nano ~/.vnc/xstartup，内容为

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15


#!/bin/sh

unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:GNOME"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources

vncconfig -iconic &
gnome-terminal &
nautilus &
dbus-launch --exit-with-session gnome-session &

将其改为可执行文件 chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup。再执行

1

vncserver -geometry 1920x1080 :1 -localhost no

即可启动 tigerVNC 并远程连接。可能会出现如下错误：

错误 1：如果连接后一直出现弹窗 Authentication is required to create a color profile/managed device，则新建文件 sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/45-allow-colord.pkla，内容为

1
2
3
4
5
6


[Allow Colord all Users]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-profile;org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-profile;org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-profile
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes

错误 2：如果启动时报错 vncconfig: unable to open display “:1”，尝试使用

1

sudo vncserver -geometry 1920x1080 :1 -localhost no

设置开机启动

新建 systemd 服务文件

1

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

内容为

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17


[Unit]
Description=Start VNC server at startup
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=hackroot
Group=hackroot
WorkingDirectory=/home/hackroot

PIDFile=/home/hackroot/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1 > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver :1 -geometry 1920x1080 -localhost no
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置权限并开机启动

1
2
3
4


sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service

或者新建脚本并赋予执行权限

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22


DISPLAY_NUM=1
RESOLUTION="1920x1080"
XSTARTUP="/usr/bin/gnome-session"

/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :${DISPLAY_NUM} > /dev/null 2>&1

rm -rf /tmp/.X${DISPLAY_NUM}-lock
rm -rf /tmp/.X11-unix/X${DISPLAY_NUM}

/usr/bin/vncserver :${DISPLAY_NUM} \
    -geometry ${RESOLUTION} \
    -localhost no \
    -xstartup ${XSTARTUP} \
    -SecurityTypes VncAuth \
    -depth 24

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "✅ Service start at port 590${DISPLAY_NUM}"
    echo "🔗 Connect: $(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):${DISPLAY_NUM}"
else
    echo "❌ Failed, see log $HOME/.vnc/*.log"
fi

在 /etc/rc.local 中加入 su - hackroot -c "/home/hackroot/vnc_start.sh" 以开机启动。

错误 1：无法启动，尝试重新安装 gnome

1
2


sudo apt purge gnome-shell --auto-remove
sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop